Strategic Lessons from Ukraine: Shaping Europe’s Military-Industrial Priorities

Executive Summary: Europe’s security landscape has fundamentally shifted since Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine. All NATO and EU governments are rapidly raising defense budgets: 24 of 32 NATO members will now meet the 2%-of-GDP guideline, with major countries aiming even higher (e.g. UK targeting 2.5% by 2027, Germany proposing €60–63 billion annually,…