PAZ-2 Satellites to Boost Spain’s Strategic Role in Space-Based Surveillance
Airbus has been appointed prime contractor for the PAZ-2 satellite programme, commissioned by Hisdesat on behalf of the Spanish Ministry of Defence. This initiative entails the design and manufacture of two advanced radar satellites intended to ensure the continuity of the PAZ Earth observation mission launched in 2018. The PAZ-2 programme represents a strategic investment in Spain’s sovereign capabilities in space and defence, with approximately 65% of the satellite components and technologies being developed by the national industry. The project marks a significant step in consolidating Spain’s position within the European space ecosystem, with Airbus coordinating a consortium of more than fifteen domestic firms.
The new satellites will integrate significant technical upgrades compared to the original PAZ system. These enhancements include image resolutions finer than 25 centimetres, a daily observational capacity of up to 6.7 million square kilometres per satellite, and an orbital frequency of 16 revolutions per day. These specifications will enable constant radar imaging, regardless of time or weather conditions. The data will serve both military and civil purposes, such as strategic surveillance, border monitoring, natural disaster assessment, and infrastructure control. The system’s ability to deliver persistent, high-resolution imaging will directly support the operational readiness of the Spanish Armed Forces.
Alain Fauré, Head of Airbus Space Systems, underscored the relevance of this contract by linking it to broader geopolitical challenges. He described the PAZ-2 programme as a tangible demonstration of Airbus’ role in reinforcing European technological sovereignty in the security and defence domains. The investment aligns with EU strategic autonomy goals, providing Spain and its allies with reliable, high-value Earth observation assets. In an increasingly fragmented and contested international environment, the ability to generate independent satellite intelligence is considered a fundamental national capability.
The PAZ-2 units will be built and tested at Airbus’ facility in Getafe, Spain, where the company will also provide its expertise in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) systems. These radars are specifically designed for high-resolution imaging over vast surface areas, a key feature for both tactical and strategic applications. The project consolidates Airbus’ leadership in the X-band radar segment, where it already supplies advanced systems to a wide range of governmental and institutional clients. The programme not only supports national defence but also stimulates the growth and international competitiveness of Spain’s space industrial base.
The first PAZ-2 satellite is scheduled to become operational by mid-2031. Once deployed, the satellites will reinforce Spain’s presence in the domain of space-based intelligence and situational awareness, while contributing to the collective capabilities of European allies. Through this partnership, Airbus and Hisdesat will continue to lead the delivery of high-end radar services with strategic value, ensuring that Europe remains resilient in the face of evolving security threats. The programme is also expected to have long-term industrial and technological spillovers beyond the defence sector.