Acoustic Signature Intelligence and Undersea Infrastructure Monitoring: EU Requirements, Technologies, and Market Entry Pathways

How EU critical-infrastructure law and defence programmes are converging on acoustic sensing and persistent undersea monitoring

Undersea energy pipelines, power interconnectors, and submarine data cables have moved from being technical assets to being recognised as strategic vulnerabilities within the European Union. Recent incidents and growing concern over hybrid threats have pushed the EU to formalise new legal obligations for the protection of critical underwater infrastruct…